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San Joaquin District
Department of Water Resources

(559) 230-3300

Street and Mailing Address:

3374 East Shields Avenue
Fresno, CA 93726-6913

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 Useful Information

SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND FORMULAS

Time Pacific Standard Time on a 24-hour clock
Temp Temperature of water at time of sampling in degrees Celsius (C) and degrees Fahrenheit (F)
pH Measure of acidity (<7) or alkalinity (>7) of water
EC ( S/cm) Electrical conductance in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 C
TDS (mg/L) Gravimetric determination of total dissolved solids at 180 C

Water constituent analyses:

Ar Arsenic
B Boron
Ba Barium
Ca Calcium
CaCO3 Calcium carbonate
Cl Chloride
K Potassium
Mo Molybdenum
Mg Magnesium
Na Sodium
NO3 Nitrate (unfiltered)
Se Selenium
SO4 Sulfate
T. Alk. Total alkalinity
TH Total hardness

Formulas:

SAR Sodium adsorption ratio (developed by U.S. Salinity Laboratory):
 
SAR = Na/(((Ca)+(Mg))/2)^(1/2)
 
Na, Ca, and Mg represent the concentrations in milliequivalents per liter.
Geometric Mean
The geometric mean G of a set of N numbers X1, X2, X3, . . ., XN is the Nth root of the product of the numbers:
 
G = (X1 X2 X3 . . . XN)^(1/N)


METRIC CONVERSIONS

Quantity
To Convert from Metric Unit
To Customary Unit
Multiply
Metric Unit
by
Convert to
Metric Unit
Multiply
Customary Unit by
Length
millimeters (mm)
centimeters (cm)
metros (m)
kilometers (km)
inches (in)
inches (in)
feet (ft)
miles (mi)
0.03937
0.3937
3.2808
0.62139
25.4
2.54
0.3048
1.6093
Area
square millimeters
square metros (m^2)
hectares (ha)
sq. kilometer (km^2)

sq. inch (in^2)
sq. feet (ft^2)
acres (ac)
sq. mile (mi^2)

0.00155
10.764
2.4710
0.3861
645.16
0.092903
0.40469
2.590
Volume
liters (L)
megalitres
cubic meters (m^3)
cubic meters (m^3)
cubic decameters
gallons (gal)
million gallons
cubic feet (ft^3)
cu. yards (yd^3)
acre feet
0.26417
0.26417
35.315
1.308
0.8107
3.7854
3.7854
0.028317
0.76455
1.2335
Flow

cu.mtrs/sec.(m^3/s)
liters/minute (L/min)
liters per day (L/day)
megalitres per day
dam^3/day

cfs
gpm
gal/day
mgd
ac-ft/day

35.315
0.26417
0.26417
0.26417
0.8107

0.028317
3.7854
3.7854
3.7854
1.2335

Mass
kilograms (kg)
megagrams (Mg)
pounds (lb)
tons (2,000 lb)
2.2046
1.1023
0.45359
0.90718
Velocity
meters/sec.(m/s)
feet/sec.(ft/s)
3.2808
0.3048
Power
kilowatts (kW)
horsepower (hp)
1.3405
0.746
Pressure
kilopascals (kPa)
kilopascals (kPa)
psi
ft. head of water
0.14505
0.33456
6.8948
2.989
Specific Capacity
L/min per meter
drawdown
gpm per
foot drawdown
0.08052
12.419
Concentration
mg/L
ppm
1.0
1.0
Electrical Conductivity
microsiemens/cm
micromhos/cm
1.0
1.0
Temperature
(C)
(F)
(1.8xC)+32
(F--32)/1.8

WATER EQUIVALENTS

1 cubic foot = 7.48 gallons = 62.4 pounds of water
1 acre-foot = 43,560 cubic feet = 325,851 gallons
1 cubic foot per second = 449 gallons per minute
1 cfs for 24 hours = 1.9835 acre-feet per day
1 cfs for 30 days = 59.5 acre-feet per month
1 cfs for 1 year = 724 acre-feet per year
1 million gallons = 3.07 acre-feet
1 million gallons per day = 1,120 acre-feet per year = 1.55 cubic feet per second
1,000 gallons per minute = 4.42 acre-feet per day

COMMON ABBREVIATIONS
ac-ft = acre-feet
af/yr = acre-feet per year
psi = pounds per square inch
dam^3 = cubic decameters
cfs = cubic feet per second
gpm = gallons per minute
mgd = million gallons per day
gpcd = gallons per capita (person) per day
mg/L = milligrams per liter
ppm = parts per million
(C) = degrees Celsius
(F) = degrees Fahrenheit

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